ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (SiO4) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯄꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.(ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦ. ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯅꯩ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯤ (Z=4) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯁꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ (Mg2SiO4)ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ=4.75 Å, b=10.20 Å, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ c=5.98 Å ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ (Fe2SiO4)ꯗꯥ, ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ=4.82 Å, b=10.48 Å, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ c=6.09 Åꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯄꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯗꯦꯖꯤꯒꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (O1, O2, O3) ꯂꯩ, O1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ O2 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ O3ꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ SiO4− ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ-ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯕꯨ ꯅꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 1.63-1.66 Å ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ c-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ Mg2+ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ Fe2+)ꯅꯥ M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2 ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯶ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ M1ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 2.07-2.13 Å ꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 2.04-2.21 Å ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ MO ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖꯗꯥ, Mg2+ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fe2+ꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ-ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯤꯁꯦꯂꯥꯏꯠ (CaMgSiO4)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ- ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ Ca2+ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ Mg2+ꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ M1 ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

olivine crystal structure

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯕꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ a-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ (hcp) ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯐꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

hcp ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ-ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯄꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ M2SiO4ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯏꯀꯤꯑꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ Mꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (O1, O2, O3) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯖ-ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ (꯱꯰꯰) ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ SiO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ (Mg2SiO4) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ (Fe2SiO4)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ Mg2+ (ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ~0.72 Å) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fe2+ (ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ~0.77 Å) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 7% ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ Fo₇ Fa3 (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ Fo₇)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 70% ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 30% ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ Fo55ꯗꯒꯤ Fo20 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Fo65ꯗꯒꯤ Fo20 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ Fe2+ꯅꯥ Mg2+ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ Mg-Fe ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖ (ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯠꯇꯥ, Mn2SiO4)ꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯀꯜ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ (Fe3+) ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁ ꯑꯦꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯴꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ (ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ. ꯱꯴ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯊꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯕꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯅꯦꯜ-ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯵꯲꯰ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ (ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ. ꯱꯸-꯲꯰) ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯥꯏꯇꯇꯥ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯟꯇꯤꯟꯌꯨꯏꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯸꯰꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯱.꯸ ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.ꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠ-ꯗꯒꯤ-ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯴ ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯍꯔꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯣꯒ)ꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

olivine crystal structure

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ M2 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ M1 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯒꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫

8 GPa ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ X-ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ M2-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ M1-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯜꯀ ꯃꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯁ (ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ-ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔ ꯏꯟꯠꯌꯨꯏꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ b-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯹꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ M-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

SiO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ M-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ꯫ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫(LiFePO4 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ LFP)꯫ ꯱꯹꯹꯶ꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

LiFePO4ꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ a=6.008 Å, b=10.334 Å, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ c=4.693 Åꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ Pnma/Pbnm) ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ (FeO7 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ) ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ (PO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ), ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯒꯖꯦꯒ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ Fe25 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fe35ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯔꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔ-ꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ-ꯅꯥ LiFePO4 ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ P-O ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ LFP ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 3,000 ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ: ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯪ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯟ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯊꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯄꯤ.)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯚꯔꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯋꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯲꯶ꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ SiO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ-ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ 0.1-0.5 mm) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯣꯅꯤꯑꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯕꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯁꯣꯐꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯄꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯐꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ) ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.)ꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ, ꯗꯣꯃꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯀꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

ꯔꯃꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ SiO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯗ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ-ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯜ ꯄꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ Fe-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Mg-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯛꯂꯨꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯥꯔꯕꯦꯕꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ Fe2+ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯕꯂꯦꯡꯊꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯅꯤꯁ-ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯚꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯀꯣꯏꯗꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯀꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ-ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯥꯒꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ a-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ c-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ b-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯆꯨꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ (ꯃꯣꯍꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯶.꯵-꯷) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯳.꯲꯷-꯳.꯳꯷ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ/ꯁꯦ.ꯃꯤ., ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯴.꯳꯹ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ/ꯁꯦ.ꯃꯤ.) ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

olivine crystal structure

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯔꯐꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯀꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ), ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯃꯨꯕꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ-ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯁꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯉꯃꯈꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯊꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯕꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ-ꯂꯣ-ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ-ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯀꯀꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯄꯦꯟꯇꯥꯏꯅꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ: 2Mg2SiO4 + 3H2O → Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + Mg(OH)2꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ 30-40% ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯗꯤꯡꯁꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯅꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯂꯤꯡꯏꯠ (ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ SiO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯣꯛꯁꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯔꯇꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ (M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2) ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ M1 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ M2 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ-ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ Fe2+ ꯑꯁꯤ Mg2+ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ-ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯗꯤ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁ ꯑꯦꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ-ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ "ꯏꯁꯤꯡ"ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ꯫<50 ppm by weight), but even trace hydrogen significantly affects electrical conductivity and diffusion rates. Water content increases with pressure, making transition zone olivine polymorphs potentially important water reservoirs in Earth's deep interior.

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ:

ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯄꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦ.)

ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫:

ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ: a ≈ 4.75 Å, b ≈ 10.20 Å, c ≈ 5.98 Å꯫

ꯐꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ: a ≈ 4.82 Å, b ≈ 10.48 Å, c ≈ 6.09 Å꯫

ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫: ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (MO7)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ SiO4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ

ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫: ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯲)꯫

ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫: ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ꯫: ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫: ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ (ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ)꯫

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