ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯇꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (Sio2) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯄꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ (ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦ. ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ) ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯆꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯤ (z=4) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯁꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ (mg₂sio₄)ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ=4.75 Å, b=10.20 Å, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ C=5.98 Å ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯐꯥꯌꯂꯥꯏꯠ (Fe₂Sio₄)ꯗꯥ, ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ=4.82 Å, b=10.48 Å, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ C=6.09 Åꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯄꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯗꯦꯖꯤꯒꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (O1, O2, O3) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ O1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ O2 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯣ.꯳ꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯃꯣꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯑꯣ₄⁄4 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ-ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ SI-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 1.63-1.66 Å ꯁꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯦꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ C-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯜꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫

ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ mg2⁺ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ Fe2⁺)ꯅꯥ M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2 ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯶ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-M1ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 2.07-2.13 Å ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 2.04-2.21 Å ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.

M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖꯗꯥ, Mg2⁺ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fe2⁺ꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ-ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ-ꯃꯟꯇꯤꯁꯦꯂꯥꯏꯠ (Camgsio₄)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ Ca2⁺ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ M2 ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ Mg2⁺ꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ M1ꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

olivine crystal structure

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯕꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ A-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ (HCP) ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯐꯣꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

HCP ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ-ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯄꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ m2ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯏꯀꯤꯌꯥꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ Mꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ-ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ-ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (O1, O2, O3) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯊꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯖ-ꯁꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ (꯱꯰꯰) ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ SiO2 ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ (mg2) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ (Fe₂Sio₄)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ Mg2⁺ (ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ~0.72 Å) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fe2⁺ (ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ~0.77 Å) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 7% ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯆꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ Fo₇FFA2 (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ Fo₇)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ, 70% ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 30% ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ fo₅ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ Fo₉₀ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Fo₈₈ꯗꯒꯤ Fo₉₂ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ Fe2⺺ mg2⁺ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ Mg-Fe ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯲ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖ (ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯠ, mn2)ꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯤꯀꯜ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯤꯌꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ (Fe34) ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔꯐꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ 410ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ (ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ. 14ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯊꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯕꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯛꯀꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯐ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯅꯦꯜ-ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯂꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯵꯲꯰ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ (ꯖꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ. ꯱꯸-꯲꯰) ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯇꯥ, ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯃꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯟꯇꯤꯟꯌꯨꯏꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ 800 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯅꯥ 11.8 GPaꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯏꯠ-ꯅꯥ-ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯗꯏꯠ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ 14 GPAꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯦꯌꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯗꯁꯂꯦꯏꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯍꯔꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯡꯎꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯣꯒ)ꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

olivine crystal structure

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ M2 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯟꯁꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯲ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯒꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ X-ꯔꯦ 8 GPA ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ M2-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ M1-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ M1 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯜꯀ ꯃꯣꯗꯨꯂꯁ (ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯏꯟꯇꯨꯏꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ B-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯹꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ M-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

Sio₄ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔ꯫ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ m-o ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯍꯦꯗꯔ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ .ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ .(ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯄꯤ.)꯫ ꯱꯹꯹꯶ꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ A=6.008 Å, b=10.334 Å, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ C=4.693 Åꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ pnma/pbnm) ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯐꯦꯑꯣꯂꯑꯣ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ) ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤ (ꯄꯣ ꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ), ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯒꯖ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ Fe2⁺ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fe34ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ-ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ{1}}ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ P-O ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯄꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯳,꯰꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯪ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯊꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ)ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯄꯤ.)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯚꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ x-ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯋꯤꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤ.ꯕꯤ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯖꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯑꯣ₄ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔ-ꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ꯫

ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ X-ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ 0.1-0.5 mm) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯣꯅꯤꯑꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯕꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯣꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯁꯣꯐ꯭ꯇꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯛꯌꯨꯄꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯐꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ) ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.)ꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯂꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯃꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯤꯖꯨꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯔꯃꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫ SiO₄ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯗ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯛꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ-ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯥꯜ ꯄꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ Fe-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ Mg{5}}O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯛꯂꯨꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯥꯔꯕꯦꯕꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ Fe2⁺ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯕꯂꯦꯡꯊꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯁꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯜꯂꯣ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ-ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯚꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯀꯣꯏꯗꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯀꯅꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯍꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ-ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯥꯒꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ a-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ, C-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ b-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯦꯁꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯂꯣꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯤꯠꯌꯨꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯅꯦꯁ (6.5-7 ꯑꯁꯤ MOHS ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯗꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ (ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ 3.27-3.37 g/cm3, ꯐꯦꯌꯂꯥꯏꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 4.39 g/cm3) ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

olivine crystal structure

ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯔꯐꯦꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯀꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ), ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ) ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯃꯨꯕꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ-ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯁꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯎꯟꯗꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯕꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯎꯟꯗꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯊꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁꯕꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ-ꯂꯣ-ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯂꯣꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ -ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯀꯀꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯄꯦꯟꯇꯥꯏꯟ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ: 2mg₂sio₄ + 3h₂o → mg₃si2o₅(OH)222241. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯳꯰-꯴꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯗꯤꯡꯁꯥꯏꯠ (ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥ-ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯂꯤꯡꯏꯠ (ꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯇꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯁꯨꯗꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯑꯣ₄ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗꯔ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯅꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯥꯏꯔꯣꯛꯁꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯁꯤꯠ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯔꯇꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ)ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯗꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ-ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ (M1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ M2) ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ M1 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ M2ꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ-ꯐꯦꯌꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ Fe2⁺ ꯑꯁꯤ Mg2⁄4ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ-ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯔꯦꯟꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ-ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯕꯣꯇꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁ ꯑꯦꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ "ꯏꯁꯤꯡ"ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ .<50 ppm by weight), but even trace hydrogen significantly affects electrical conductivity and diffusion rates. Water content increases with pressure, making transition zone olivine polymorphs potentially important water reservoirs in Earth's deep interior.

ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ:

ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ .: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯄꯤ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯃꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ (ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦ.)

ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ .:

ꯐꯣꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯠ: A ≈ 4.75 Å, B ≈ 10.20 Å, C ≈ 5.98 Å

ꯐꯦꯌꯥꯂꯥꯏꯠ: A ≈ 4.82 Å, B ≈ 10.48 Å, C ≈ 6.09 Å

ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ .: ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯤꯑꯣ₄ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯣ.꯲)

ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ .: ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯑꯦꯝ.꯱ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ.꯲)

ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ .: ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ .

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ .: ꯍꯦꯛꯁꯥꯒꯣꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ-ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯦꯍꯦꯗꯔꯜ ꯚꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ

ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ (ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯦꯠ) .

ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯴-ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ (ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ)ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯃꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯦꯠꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯇ Si-O ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯊꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫