ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ .ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ-ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯖ (ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 500 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 5,000 ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ-ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯆꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯗ ꯔꯦꯄꯨꯇꯦꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯐ꯭ꯂꯤꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯇꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ- ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯔꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ 1ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯗꯤꯀꯣꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫

ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯐꯤꯛ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯥꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ: ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯒꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯒꯣꯁꯥꯃꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯳꯰-꯴꯰% ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯆꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ X-ꯔꯦ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.꯲ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.꯲), ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯣ.), ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯏꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ: ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

SEI Layer

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯐꯦꯖ 1: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ (ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 0-5)꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯏꯟꯗꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯊꯥꯅꯣꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ{1}}ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯏꯊꯥꯅꯣꯜ ꯗꯤꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯦꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯁꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯊꯥꯅꯣꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯇꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯐꯣꯔꯁ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯀꯣꯚꯔꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ SEI ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯛꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ 5-10ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯗ꯭ꯕꯤꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯸꯵-꯹꯲%ꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯦꯖ 2: ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ (ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 5-50)꯫

ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯝ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ{1}}ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯦꯔꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯜ-ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯣꯖꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯖ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯩꯀꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯈꯤ: ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤ₂ꯀꯣ₃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯊꯔꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯐꯦꯖ ꯳: ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁ (50+ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ)

ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ sei ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, "ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ"ꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ-ꯁꯦꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯇꯦ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ{3}}ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ (ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 10% ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ)꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯛꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯟꯌꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯵꯰꯰ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯳꯰%ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯃꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ-ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯗꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯐꯥꯎꯟꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ .

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ (li₂Co₃) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯟꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯗꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ (ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ 10⁄4/cm) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯆꯦꯝꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ? ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ (lipf₆) ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯁꯤꯁꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ: ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯎꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕꯥ{9}}ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ?

ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ

ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁ-ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯏꯊꯥꯏꯂꯤꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯁꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯤꯊꯥꯏꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.)-ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯏꯊꯥꯏꯂꯤꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯐꯣꯔꯤꯌꯔ-ꯑꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯲꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯐꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯠꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ -ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ-ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯖꯥ

ꯃꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯵%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯁꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯂꯦꯠ (li₂C₂O2) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯳%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯖꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯲꯰꯲꯴ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯵% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯣꯠꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯲% ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯊꯥꯂꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯕꯪꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯐꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯱꯵% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ-ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ, ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ, ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ-ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯦꯜ- ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ-ꯑꯦꯔꯔ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ: ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ "ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ" ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯈ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯗꯥ 90%ꯒꯤ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ 10%ꯗꯤ SEIꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯳ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯋꯥꯠ ꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯍꯤꯀꯜ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯳꯰꯰ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ-ꯃꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯳꯰-꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯲꯰꯰ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯸꯵%ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ-ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯷꯵%ꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯈꯤ꯫ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ? ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ-ꯁꯦꯏ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫

ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ: ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ (ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯞ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯱꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯐꯣꯔꯗ, ꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯗꯤꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯣ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯦꯏ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ -20 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯥ, ꯇꯤꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ SEI ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ 50-100× ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ-ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯂꯣꯁ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏ꯫

ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯣꯇꯣꯔ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯳꯵%ꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ -ꯕꯦꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯲꯰ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ-ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯨꯝ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯵% ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫

ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ{1}}ꯑꯦꯕꯤꯎꯖ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯀꯐꯥꯏꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ SEI ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯕꯤꯎꯖ (ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ, ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯊꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ "ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ" ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ 10ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 25ꯗꯒꯤ 800 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯟꯌꯨꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯴꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯊꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ-ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ "ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ" ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯗꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯍꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯴꯰%ꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤ ꯱: ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ

ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯦꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ (꯰.꯵{꯲}}꯵ wt%) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯅꯥꯂꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁꯦꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯲꯰ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯵꯰,꯰꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯒꯣꯔꯤꯊꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯊꯤꯂꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯱꯸% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯲꯲% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ? ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ LIF-ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯋꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯋꯥꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯰.꯵꯰-꯱.꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ{8}}ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ 100 MWH ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ $50,000-100,000 ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯒꯦꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ-ꯃꯃꯜ-ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄꯥꯔꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯔꯚ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯕꯨ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯇꯦꯖꯤ ꯲: ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ (C/20ꯗꯒꯤ C/50 ꯔꯦꯠ)ꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ C/50ꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ-ꯅꯥ ꯁꯤ/꯵ꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯵ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯵꯰ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫

ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯵꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ: -ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ C/30ꯗꯒꯤ 70% ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ 48-ꯄꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯌꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ C/10ꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯹꯵%ꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯇꯝ-꯲꯰ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ-ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯍꯣꯀꯨ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯴꯵ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯲꯵ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯥ ꯳꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯚꯦꯇꯦꯗ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ 3-꯵% ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯝ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ; ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯇꯦꯖꯤ 3: ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯊꯤꯟ (꯵-꯱꯰ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.) ꯑꯦꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯥꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯗꯤ.)ꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯇꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯂꯦꯟꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯗꯣꯞꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯨꯠ (ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯱꯰꯰-꯵꯰꯰) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯲-꯵ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤ.ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ.ꯑꯩꯆ.꯱ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯴-꯲꯰ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯱꯰-꯱꯰꯰ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯂꯕꯨ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

SEI Layer

SEI ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ-ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯕ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯁꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯣꯡꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯏꯂꯔ ꯃꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ (ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 0-200): ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯟ

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯋꯥꯔꯋꯤꯛ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯲꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰-꯳꯰% ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯵꯰-꯱꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯱-꯵꯰ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯱꯰꯰-꯲꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯳× ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫

ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ (ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 200-800): ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ 0.05-0.1%ꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ SEI ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯟꯖ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ꯫

ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯛ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯍꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯁꯣꯏꯪ ꯱꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯴꯵ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ . ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯇ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯴꯰% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯦꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ/ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ (800+ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ): ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯨꯂꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯗꯦꯃꯦꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ (ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯦꯅꯃꯥꯔꯛ, ꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯃꯣꯔꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯞꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯜꯀ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ 1-3ꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤ꯫

ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ

ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯳꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰-꯴꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯸꯰%ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯱,꯵꯰꯰-ꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯚꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ SEI ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯒꯣ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯊꯤꯂꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤꯅꯥꯏꯂꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯦꯜ-ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯤꯡ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯵ꯒꯤ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ 30%-ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ 1,800-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯇꯝ-ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯦꯁꯟ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯃꯔ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁ: ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ .

ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯐꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯇꯣꯞ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 2-3ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯇꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ (500-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ 800) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯔꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯐꯣꯟ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤ/꯵ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ-ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯹꯰%ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯹꯴% ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ-ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯴%ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ 20+ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯗꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ: ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯏꯅꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ (ꯁꯤ/꯴꯰)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯣꯏ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ-ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ<0.5% capacity loss per year during storage, attributed to minimal SEI growth during idle periods. While formation costs increase by $5-10 per kWh compared to standard protocols, improved calendar life reduces total cost of ownership by 15-20% over 20-year project lifetimes.

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ{0}}ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ-ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯏꯟ{0}}ꯁꯤꯇꯨ ꯀꯦꯔꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ: ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ ꯏꯟ{1}}ꯁꯤꯇꯨ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯥꯔꯕꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

Operando X-ray diffraction experiments at synchrotron facilities (Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2024) now track crystalline SEI component evolution with 1-second time resolution during cycling. Recent experiments revealed that LiF crystallizes preferentially during fast charging (>꯱ꯁꯤ), ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯣꯚꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯖꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯂꯦꯟꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯂꯤꯖꯦꯟꯁ: ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯔꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.-ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯅꯐꯣꯔꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯂꯇꯦꯖ ꯀꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯵꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯵꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯅꯁꯟ ꯱,꯰꯰꯰{꯷}}ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯅꯁꯟ ꯱꯰꯰꯰ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯜ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯄꯃꯦꯟꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯥ ꯶-꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯣꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯲꯰꯲꯵-꯲꯰꯲꯶ꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯃꯞꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯂꯇꯔꯅꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ

ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ "ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ sei" ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ-ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫

ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯦꯂꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯤꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯕꯤꯗ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯅꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯞꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

SEI Layer

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ SEI ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯟꯖꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ (thermal ranaway) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯱꯰-꯳꯰%) ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯆꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯊꯤꯂꯤꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯍꯣꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ)ꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯁꯦꯏ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ{5}}ꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯂꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

Temperature profoundly influences SEI characteristics. Higher formation temperatures (35-45°C) accelerate reduction kinetics and promote LiF formation, creating more stable layers but consuming additional lithium. Operating temperatures affect SEI ionic conductivity dramatically-conductivity decreases 50-100× from 25°C to -20°C, severely limiting cold-weather performance. Elevated operating temperatures (>꯵꯰ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ) ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ, ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯡ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 20-35 ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫

NO-ꯁꯦꯏ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯛ (꯵꯰-꯱꯰꯰ nm) ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ-ꯔꯤꯆ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯏꯟꯗꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯇꯥꯏꯇꯥꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ (LTO) ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ SEI ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯳꯰꯰%ꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯟꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯟꯗꯥꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯐꯥꯏꯠ-ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯦꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ, ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, SEI ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯊꯔꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯂꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ SEI ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯠ-ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ. X-ꯔꯦ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (xps)ꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯄꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ.) ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯕꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯣ-ꯇꯤ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ.)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ-ꯒꯤ-ꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ (ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯐ.{꯹}}ꯁꯤꯃꯁ) ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯗꯣ X-ꯁꯤꯅꯛꯔꯣꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯏꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯖꯔꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯔ ꯵꯰꯰-꯵,꯰꯰꯰ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯩ

SEI ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯔꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ 15+ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ: ꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (li₂Co₃, Lif) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯔ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ.ꯗꯤ.ꯁꯤ., ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯅꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯦꯀꯣꯃꯣꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ

ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ (ꯁꯤ/꯳꯰-ꯁꯤ/꯵꯰), ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ (꯳꯵-꯴꯵ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.ꯁꯤ., ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ

SEI ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ 35-45% ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯜꯗ-ꯋꯦꯗꯔ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯒꯤ -20 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ ꯕꯤꯚꯥꯒ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ" - ꯖꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯚꯣꯜ. 589

ꯅꯦꯆꯔ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯗꯦꯞꯊ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯂꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯀꯤꯇꯦꯀꯆꯔ" - https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2024.xxx

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯐꯣꯔꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯣꯔꯠ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯠ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯁꯦꯏ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯝ.

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯀꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯖ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯔꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ: ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯣ-ꯇꯦꯝ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ" - ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.

ꯖꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯖ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ: ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.

ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯈ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯐꯣꯔꯗ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯀꯝꯃꯔꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ-ꯗꯤꯄꯦꯟꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ" - ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯔꯅꯦꯜ

ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯟꯌꯨꯑꯦꯕꯜ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ ꯕꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯌꯔ" - ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯜ.

ꯑꯔꯒꯣꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯂꯣꯡ- ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯚꯣꯂꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯝ ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯥꯔ.

ꯋꯥꯔꯋꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯎ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯖꯤ.(꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯲꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ" - ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯀꯍꯦꯚꯟ ꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ (꯲꯰꯲꯴) - "ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯔꯣꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥꯟꯗꯣ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯗꯤ.