ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

Nov 24, 2025

ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ

ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

 

ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.

 

ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯷{꯴}}꯹ꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯔ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ, ꯊꯤꯟ-ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯑꯣꯂꯦꯐꯤꯟ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

Figure 7-9 Lithium-ion battery separator

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯐꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ:

 

꯱) ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ: ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯅꯁꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯲) ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

꯳) ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ, ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯞꯌꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯣꯂꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

꯴) ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯨꯂꯁꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯦꯠꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯑꯦꯕꯁꯣꯔꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯏꯁꯆꯔ ꯔꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

꯵) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯄꯉ꯭ꯀꯆꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯶) ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯜꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯅꯦꯁ, ꯊꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

꯷) ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯇꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯃꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

꯸) ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯉ꯭ꯀꯦꯖ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯣꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯅꯋꯦ (thermal ranaway) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫

 

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