ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ ꯲ꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ (PO₄)34ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ-ꯕꯦꯖ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ{6}}ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯔꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ -ꯐꯦꯖ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ mpo2ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ/ꯗꯤꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

LifePo4ꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ

Reaction mechanism model

ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, li⺺ ꯑꯁꯤ Feo₆ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ Fe2⁺ ꯑꯁꯤ Fe34ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯦꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯕꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯄꯥꯙꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯨꯗꯦꯅꯧ ꯑꯦꯠ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ "ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ" ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ/ꯗꯤꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄/ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯅꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯴-꯳ꯑꯦꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯛ₄/ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ li⁺ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯄꯣ ꯲ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯒꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯐꯤꯒꯔ 4{3}}3bꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯖꯥꯏꯛ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯖꯥꯏꯛ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄/ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯅꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ-ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯐꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

Figure 4-3 Lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation model of lithium iron phosphate battery

ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ (ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ (ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯣꯁ) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤ꯫

ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯁꯠꯔꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ꯫ Laffont ꯅꯥ "ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ"ꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ "ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯗꯦꯂꯃꯥꯁꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯞꯂꯤꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ "ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯣ-ꯀꯦꯁꯀꯦꯗ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯒꯔ ꯴-꯴ꯗꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯅꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁꯟ/ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯃꯣꯔꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯟꯅ-ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ (ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯐꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣ꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣ꯴ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ (꯱꯰ꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ), ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯐꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯝꯄꯣ꯴ꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ꯫

ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ-ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯚꯥꯔꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯟ/ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯀꯦꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ꯴ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, [100]pmnb ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ C-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

(1) ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄/ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄The ratio of LiFePO₄/FePO₄ changes continuously with the battery charge-discharge reaction (the value of x in LiₓFePO₄ changes continuously). As lithium ions are extracted, the intensity of the diffraction peak produced by LiFePO₄ gradually decreases. When δ>0.2, li₁₋Δfepo2ꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ FEPO2ꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ li₁₋ΔFepo₄ꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫

(2) ꯂꯤₓꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄/ꯂꯤ₁₋ꯏꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄liₓfepo₄ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯐꯦ3⁺/Fe2⁺ ꯃꯤꯛꯁ-ꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖ liₐfepo2/li₁₋ fepo₄ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯞꯔꯖꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯔ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯰.꯰꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯰.꯱꯱ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ, ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯟ- ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯛꯕꯤꯂꯤꯑꯦꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ . ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 450ꯗꯥ, LIₓFEPO₄ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ, ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ: li₀.₇₇₇FEPO2 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ li₀.₀. ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯵꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ , liₓfepo₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ; ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ xꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯴꯰꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯵꯰꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ , ꯂꯤₓꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ Xꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, liₓfepo₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯀꯃꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ xꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (140±20 ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ), ꯑꯅꯤ{6}}ꯐꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯚꯤꯟ-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯥ ꯀꯣ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ, liₓ₁Fepo₄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ liₓ₂Fepo₄. ꯔꯨꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯛꯁꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fepo2ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ-ꯐꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

Battery reaction mechanism

FEPA₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ: 1 ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ; 2 TRICLINIC FEPO₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯔꯇꯁ- ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯠꯔꯥꯍꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯔꯗꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ; 4 ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯛꯂꯤꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯇꯣꯔꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯄꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ Fepo₄ꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯄꯣꯂꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯅꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯄꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯄꯣꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯵꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯦ . ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ, ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, FEPO₄ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯛꯂꯤꯅꯤꯛ ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ P-ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯄꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ 10⁄2 s/cm ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ (ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ (ꯖꯤ.ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯦ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯂꯋꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ (ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯇꯤ.) ꯀꯦꯂꯀꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯰.꯳ ꯏ.ꯚꯤ. ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯣꯔꯕꯤꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯣꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯒꯥ, ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

Mg- ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ Cr-ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯂꯆꯀꯤ DFT ꯀꯦꯂꯀꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯔꯃꯤ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

꯱) ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

꯲) ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯚꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯥꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯳) ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯄꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯋꯦꯕꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯏ꯫

꯴) ꯗꯣꯄꯥꯟꯇ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ꯫

5) M-O ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ, M-M ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ 3 × 10⁻1⁰ m ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯥꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯏ꯫

꯶) ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯟꯗꯥꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯊ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

꯷) ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯏ.꯲ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ꯫ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

Ion doping and conductivity

꯸) Fe34/fe2⁺ ꯔꯦꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ ꯲ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯍꯦꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯄꯁꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁꯟ/ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ-ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯐ, ꯂꯤꯄꯐ₆, liₓfᵧ⁄, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ liₓpoᵧfᶻ ꯂꯥꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯏꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯁꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, Lipf₆ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ HFꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ-ꯕꯦꯖ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯇꯥ HF ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯆ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯐ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯐ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯜꯌꯨꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ:

꯱) ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗꯁꯨ, ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

꯲) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯳) ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯁꯁꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

꯴) ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯪꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯚꯦꯟꯖꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯟ-ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯂꯣꯁ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯗ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ, ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ, ꯐꯦꯖ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ (ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ/ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ-ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

(꯱) ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯑꯦꯟꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯣ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣ₄ꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 10⁄4 s/cm ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ 0.2C ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯠꯇꯥ 148 mA·h/gꯗꯒꯤ 5C ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯠꯇꯥ 85 mA·H/g ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ꯫ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ₀.₉ni₀.₁PO₄ (1.0 × 10⁄4 s/cm), ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯣ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯄꯣꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯔꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, (4.0 × 10⁻ s/cm), ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ 90 mA·h/g ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 55, 500 mA·g/g, ꯃꯃꯜ. ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯕꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

(2) ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯔꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯄꯥꯊ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯌꯥꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯆꯨꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯂꯀꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯖꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯄꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯤꯇꯔꯦꯁꯟ (ꯖꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯇꯤ.ꯇꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ (ꯏ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦ.ꯁꯤ. ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ)ꯅꯤ꯫

(꯳)-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗꯣ ꯑꯅꯤ: ꯊꯤꯟ-ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯊꯤꯟ-ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯀꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯐꯦꯄꯣ₄ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ Fepo₄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯛꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ [100] ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫