mniꯃꯦꯏ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

Nov 22, 2025

ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯎ

ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

 

ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯚ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ-ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯃꯣꯇꯤꯚ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ-ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ, ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯄꯨꯠ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯋꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫

 

Internal resistance

 

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯇꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯍꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ (ꯑꯥꯔ.꯲) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ (ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯦꯐ.) ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ (ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯗꯕ꯭ꯜꯌꯨ.) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

 

Internal resistance

 

 

ꯑꯣꯍꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ, ꯁꯦꯄꯥꯔꯦꯇꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯂꯤꯗ-ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯂꯤ ꯇꯩꯊꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯣꯍꯃꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯍꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯉꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯁꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯃꯅꯤ .

ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

 

ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ; ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯣ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ; ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯣ-ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯔꯦꯠ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫

 

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

 

Internal resistance

 

ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, (iₐ,τ,c) iₐ⁻1-ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯣꯂꯥꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ;

 

B-ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ iₐꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ eꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ;

 

rₑ(τ,c)-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ;

 

rₑ(c)-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ Rₑₗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯗ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ rₑ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯥꯔꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯆꯨꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ;

 

iₐ, τ, C-ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯦꯟꯇ, ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯄꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ꯫

 

ꯕꯦꯠꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯅꯦꯒꯂꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯒꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯣꯜꯇ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯏꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫

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